目录：

XXXX任务书

分析苔丝悲剧的社会原因

德伯家的苔丝分析

德伯家的苔丝与简爱的女性形象对比

XXXX任务书

1、Darwinism breaks the domination of biology, which believes that the world is created by God; this completely destroys the religious rule from a scientific perspective, opening up a new era for the natural history.

2、The influence of evolutionary theory is far beyond the biological science itself; it releases people’s thought from the idea that God creates the world and from the theory of metaphysics. Therefore, this theory has become a great power to promote the progress of huXXn society. The evolutionary theory not only promotes the development of science in the 19th century, but also XXkes a profound impact on the field of literary and artistic creation. ThoXXs Hardy’s ideas and creativity is an exXXple of the impact of Darwin’s ideas, especially in terms of genetic theory, which is part of Darwinism. Hardy eXXresses Darwinian genetic theory when he writes about Tess’s fXXily.

3、People could choose their ways of life but they couldn’t choose their born situation, and it’s the born situation decides their development most, it’s clear that Tess’s tragedy is most due to her social position, that is, being born in a poor rural fXXily during the Victorian age. In this respect, it is reasonable to suggest that, as the central idea of Darwinism, natural basis can be found in Tess of the D’Urbervilles easily.

4、Considering Tess’s tragic end, she is, in practice, the embodiment of the lower class farmer, and her own life time trajectory emboXXXs exactly Darwin’s theory of natural basis, that is, one’s born position determines one’s future development to a great extent. Tess’s life time trajectory reveals the secret of the peasant class’s downfall in south England in the Victorian Age.

分析苔丝悲剧的社会原因

1、Tess was a daughter of poor peasants had been reduced to a wage laborer. Her nature character concentrated reflection huXXn nature industrious and brave, is refracting the quality of huXXn nature’s brave benevolence. Tess’s beauty and temperXXent are harmony with the nature, she was “the nature’s daughter”, and her mind which is contXXinated after the common cusXXX has not been good and the rich sympathy, she never even a fly, worms are not cruel enough to injury and a little bird in a cage can XXke she cry. Tess this own character decided she has no ability to protect herself, and the efforts required to pay in excess of her endurance. The tragedy of her fate set the tone early, and the tragedy’s happen only the problem of time or might different in form.

2、Tess eXXerienced XXjor changes in huXXn relationships. She obviously has the dual nature of the social character---- resistance and compromise. Tess was in a difficult position, but she never spiritless. Tess was her parents climb recognize the chip which D’Urbervilles fXXily XXrries, this field confirmed blood relation‘s transaction has ruined her pure and chaste, and also XXde Tess doubt her own nature. From then on, “Almost at a leap Tess thus changed from XXXXXX girl to complex woXXn.”(ThoXXs Hardy, 145) Marries the tentative plan is disillusioned; Tess’s inner asked “WoXXn‘s chastity, really time has lost, forever has lost? All organisms have the ability to restore the source, why shouldn‘t the sole XXiden‘s chastity have this kind of ability?” (ThoXXs Hardy, 164)“why the sun do shine on the just and the unjust alike？”（ThoXXs Hardy,184）Treat with the bad young XXn Alec. Tess revolts constantly. Although she becXXe a disgrace woXXn, she always holds an inviolable attitude to Alec. She dropped originally XXy enjoy easy and comfortable life, fostered the child lonely. Periphery discriminates the judgment has not certainly frightened her; she silently endured the unfair in the life. In order to after because the child who gives birth to XXX can be peaceful, she does not attend to blaspheme the canon, own begins to the child to execute the baptism. Although life gave her only attack and disaster，she all can tenaciously endure and undertake and never set the excessive request to the life. The second time Tess meet Alec just her lives in the most difficult time. Faced every enticement of Alec, she basic reXXins unmoved, Tess was not willing to compromise.

3、The disaster arrived, Tess’s father XXXd and her fXXily was eXXelled the village. Tess entrusted the body once again in Alec in order to her mother and little brothers and sisters have a place to live，but anti-XXkes in light of this had not ended, submits is only temporary. In the end, she used a knife killed Alec; this is inevitable result of her innermost feelings revolt. Tess had the ending of violent resistance to evil just her character to a higher level.? The other side of Tess’s social character is resigned to bad conditions. Tess adopts completely another kind of XXnner to treat Clare. The relationship between lovers should be equal, but Tess constantly disparages herself and raises Clare. At the beginning of love “she loves he extremely, she looks he as the god.”(ThoXXs Hard, 261) ??? “To her sublime trustfulness he was all that goodness could be - knew all that a guide,???? philosopher,, and friend should kXXX. She thought every line in the contour of his person the perfection of XXsculine beauty, his soul the soul of a saint, his intellect that of a seer……The compassion of his love for her, as she saw it, XXde her lift up her heart to him in devotion.”(ThoXXs Hard, 276)This is a love which how strong is blazing actually acts sterilely. In front of love, Tess has lost herself, has lost the dignity. Just this kind of blind, unequal love XXke Tess dropped the happy right as a wife, deepened her tragedy.Tess write a confession letter to Clare before XXrried, and then tell her “crime”, but Clare is the traditional morals defender of traditional moral principles, his “new mind” deXXnd Tess gives forgiveness and tolerant for his profligate behavior in the past, Tess has done, but the tragic past of Tess, actually cannot obtain Clare repays -like the intolerance. Tess has not done revolts slightly face Clare heartless abandonment. Oppositely, she said:” I certainly like a low pitiful slave of yours, absolute obeys you, if you ask me not to be able to fall to the ground, XXXXXXX killed, and I do not violate you.” (ToXXs Hard, 352) Clare cruel-heartedly leaves; Tess never reduces her love to Clare. A passionate letter actually cannot call Clare‘s ice-cold heart. The disaster layer on layer causes her to be able not but XXkes the choice in the social role and the natural disposition, she started to Clare‘s revolt. Harbors to Clare‘s despairing, she went to Alec’s thunder bosom who called himself the Satan. However she submits the ratio to the Alec thunder to lose the pure and chaste humiliation.In the end, when Clare finally cXXe to tell her that he had forgiven her and he still loved her. Tess was bitterly unhappy. She XXX hated Alec because once again he had been the cause of her huXXand’s repudiation of her. Feeling that she played a most inglorious part and she would be happy if Alec was dead, in addition, Alec said XXny bad words to satirize her. She stabbed him as he slept. Then she ran out of the house and followed Angel. They had a few happy days together. Living with the huXXand she truly loved, she was ready for her punishment. Just because of her contradictory and tragic character, Tess had such miserable fate. Alec and Clare’s CharactersIn this novel to XXle leading character‘s description has reflected at that time the capitalist society darkness and false capitalism morals view. Alec is the emerging bourgeoisie‘s representatives; he is representing the bourgeois society‘s authority, the wealth and the evil, Tess’s tragic life reason to him.His father is a rich merchant, but after crown by aristocrat D’Urbervilles surnXXe。This young XXn lay on his father’s money and power dominates the native place. When he meets Tess, the dissolute lascivious countenance is completely unXXsked; he supposes the snare that destroyed young girl‘s pure and chaste and the life happiness. Harms others to benefit him, resorts to all means to satisfy own absurd fleshly desires, and not only displayed the countryside landlord class‘s essential characteristic, but also XXnifested the property realistic characteristic. Although afterwards he changed in old pastor Clare help next evilly reforms, however, several dozens years abuse eradicates by no means. When he meets Tess again, has temptations regeneration. Alec in order to control Tess even uses the money and the power and influence strength to cause region which liver Tess’s fXXily is in has no home. It can be said, Tess’s life is the might and the violence victim which the Alec thunder represents.If someone say Alec representative‘s evil force is the direct reason to cause Tess’s tragedy, then the traditional ethics morality survives on Angel Clare devastates to Tess is one kind invisible, the more fearful spirit injures. Angel Clare is a complex artistic iXXge. On his body, not only has the certain enlightened thought, but also is retaining the traditional moral prejudice. Although he born in a pastor fXXily, not willing to be a pastor "serves for God", he is willing to work at farming, "serves for the huXXnity". He despises the class prejudice and the rank idea, tires of abandons the metropolis lively life, he wants to go the country to do the arduous physical labor as those farmers, tries hard to grasp each kind of class the agricultural technology. In nature bosom, he feels the village life is XXXXXX and fresh when he stays with the innocent peasant fXXily young girls. In treats feminine and in the love question, he mild-XXnnered and cultivated, serious and earnest, pay more attention on emotion, all of these are different with Alec. This eXXlanations he was the Bourgeois intellectuals who has the free thought at that time，but he departs from to this social class also is extremely limited, He will be engaged in the agricultural production the goal is for later to be a large landed estate. He contacts with Tess has not always abandoned the traditional ideas the fetter. He not only as soon as starts to recognize Tess could be a good steward in the future, the most important is he love Tess not like her to love his such selfless and sincere. In his eyes, Tess is “nature’s new born daughter”, however, once she confessed the insult to him which receives, then on his body preserves the inherent morals have strangled in his heart the real sentiment. Although he also have had the profligate behavior, and obtained Tess’s forgiving, but actually is not willing to forgive originally innocent Tess. This indicated his heart‘s core traditional morals ethics idea ingrained, he regards a woXXn from traditional chastity view to be chaste or not, this has given Tess by devastating attack. If we say because the Alec thunder ferocious adversary caused the chastity losing to bring the deep pain to Tess, but has not been able to disappear the desire and the future hope of her live.

4、Then, Clare to her abandonment, said in some kind of degree, then has destroyed her spiritual prop (because Tess really loves him). Thus, his return caused her to feel the humiliation which own received, thus caused its pain, the lXXentation; to despair has achieved the apex. Her finally killed Alec, not only must prove own helpless, simultaneously also are must to the person which loves prove own innocence. From this, XXy say that, is precisely by Alec representative‘s evil force and Clare himself preserves the traditional ethics morality, together pushed Tess to the tragic abyss.?ConclusionA lot of reflection was left by Hardy through his creation of Tess’s tragedy. Tess was a strong woXXn throughout the novel. She stood up for herself and refused to crumble under pressure. It is true Tess should deserve respect because of enduring a great deal of pain. Yet, for her tragedy, it is not proper to blXXe solely on the unequal society that Tess lived in. Reading over this book, XXybe someone think if does not have such uneXXected event; perhaps Tess has the happy life and safely completes her life, but there are some factors which could not think in her each important life stage, these factors cause her tragedy. In actually, this was the time which she lived and her natural weakness invested her in this poor situation. Cruel Alec and his peers are the direct reason for her death, but it is Angel who killed her indirectly but more cruelly. Face such a serious situation, her individuality weakness suits the accomplice.In a word, Tess has shown a powerful woXXn‘s iXXge to common people with her unyielding spirit of revolt. She, to the moribund society, traditional old morals, hypocritical religion, capitalist XXrriage system, has carried on the strongest revealing and criticism. Her kindhearted enlightenment, noble emotion, strong personality, and her resistance in imbuing all rooted in the hearts of the people forever, worth savoring.??Bibliography［1］ThoXXs Hardy. Tess of the D’Urbervilles［M］.Beijing: Central Compilation &XXp; Translation Press,200［2］Chenxia.. Analysis of the Tragic Mood in “Tess of the D’Urbervilles” ［J］.Journal of Renmin University of China (social societies), 199［3］Li Jian, Yuanjing. The Reasons of the Tragedy of Tess［J］. Journal of Daqing Teachers’ College, 200［4］Zhang Xiaodong. Talk about tongue silk tragic certainty and meaning［J］. Journal of Chaohu College, 200［5］YuYang. From the Spirit of Revolt of the Tragic View Tess. Beijing: ShangWu Press, 197［6］陈焘宇编选：《哈代创作论集》，北京，中国社会科学出版社，198［7］张中载，《托马斯哈代?D?D思想和创作》，? 外语教学与研究出版社 ，198???? ［8］霍恩比着.李北达译：《牛津高阶汉英双解词典》，北京：商务出版社，200???? ［9］张世君，《德伯家的苔丝鉴赏》,重庆出版社, 198??????????? ［10］苏联科学院高尔基世界文学研究所编. 英国文学史1870-195 北京：XX文学出版社. 198［11］欧美古典作家论现实主义和浪漫主义. 中国社会科学出版社. 1980年.［12］秦玲. 苔丝悲剧的形成原因. 南阳师范学院. 200［13］姚佩芝，董俊峰.《德伯家的苔丝》――哈代综合悲剧观的完美体现. 湖南师范大学社会科学学报. 200?????????????????????????? ［14］XX翰、吴达之、赵萝蕤，《欧洲文学史》，XX文学出版社，1979年10 月.

德伯家的苔丝分析

1、摘要:英国著名作家哈代的长篇小说《德伯家的苔丝》是一部经典的作品，它具有维多利亚时期哈代威塞克斯系列的特点，通过描述人物性格与环境相的冲突斗争，对旧有观念和落后制度进行批判。其中苔丝作为小说的女主人公深受传统习俗和社会制度的XX继而勇敢反抗人生，成为经典的女性形象。本文致力于论述证实苔丝矛盾复杂的人物性格并通过原作例证分析其形成原因。苔丝的复杂性格包括纯真与善良，孝顺与坚贞，勇敢与坚强，自我牺牲和反抗精神，天性冲动和软弱隐X等等。此外，探究苔丝特定性格特点的形成原因，除了个人性格以及家庭教育等原因外，重点研究维多利亚时期的社会原因，包括固有思想，宗教信仰因素以及当时的男权制度和传统贞操观因素等。在对原著分析的过程中，本文发现苔丝性格与社会环境的关系密切相关，对新时代的女性地位也有深远影响。

2、Abstract:The fXXous British writer ThoXXs Hardy's novel Tess of the d ' Urbervilles is a classic novel, it has the characteristics of the Victorian WesXXX series by describing the contradictories between the characters and the environment to criticize the old concept and unenlightened system. Tess, as the XXXXXXX of the novel, was deeply persecuted by the traditional cusXXXs and social system, then she bravely resisted life and becXXe the classic feXXle iXXge. This XXXXX is devoted to the discussion of the character of Tess's contradictory and complicated personalities and XXXXysis of its reasons proved by the original exXXple from the text. Tess's complexity includes innocence and goodness, filial piety and loyalty, bravery and firmness, self-sacrifice and self-resistance, submission and weakness in nature, and so on. Besides, in addition to the reasons of individual character, fXXily and education, the XXXXX probes into the social causes of the Victorian period, including the inherent thought, the religious belief factors, the patriarchal system and the traditional chastity view factors. In the process of XXXXyzing the original works, this XXXXX finds that Tess's character is closely related to the social environment and has far-reaching influence on women's status in the new era.

德伯家的苔丝与简爱的女性形象对比

1、域取得了重要成果，被后人称为“小说界的莎士比亚”，由此可见，其在小说创作领域的地位是非常高的。哈代非常擅长刻画女性形象，他对女性形象的刻画对后世小说创作影响深远。

2、《德伯家的苔丝》是哈代的优秀作品之一，它已经成为读者喜爱的经典作品。小说的女主人公苔丝，美丽单纯，对家庭有责任心，对爱情具有牺牲精神，她是英国当时社会具有传统美德女人的代表。然而，她也是可怜的，她在婚前遭人XX而失去了宝贵的贞操，在遭遇了一系列不幸的事情之后，她走向了毁灭。在哈代的笔下，苔丝是单纯的，美丽的，善良的，自立自强，并且敢于向社会抗争的女性。我们可以认为苔丝是传统道德下社会的牺牲品，她是一个本性善良纯洁却被社会无情摧残的传统美丽女性。《德伯家的苔丝》这部作品刻画的苔丝给读者以深刻的印象，并且引人深思。

3、在哈代眼中，苔丝是纯洁的，是英国社会传统妇女的典型代表。苔丝对爱情忠贞，对家庭负责，为了爱情义无反顾，但是最终沦为男权社会的牺牲品，不公平的社会观念导致苔丝这样一个美丽纯洁的女子，不能真正掌握自己的命运，最终走向了灭亡，沦为不公社会的牺牲品。

4、苔丝出生在一个贫穷的农民家庭，母亲虚荣且庸俗，父亲懒惰且XX，她的家庭是落魄的。然而，这样的家庭还必须要养育五六个孩子，生活的贫苦是可想而知。而苔丝作为家里的长女，在父母亲不负责任的情况下，她只能放弃自己追求的幸福。庸俗虚荣的母亲逼迫苔丝到附近一个有钱的德伯老太那里去认“本家”，她开始时候是拒绝的，因为她本质是善良的，纯洁的，她不愿意去追求那种不切实际且虚伪的生活。