目录：

日语教材人教版

斯科蒂-巴恩斯

南京师大语言学

语用学概念

日语教材人教版

1、Linguistics ：Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.

2、General Linguistics ：The study of language as a whole is often called General linguistics.

3、language ：Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for huXXn communication.

4、Design Features ：It refers to the defining poperties of huXXn language that distinguish it from any aniXXl system of communication.

斯科蒂-巴恩斯

1、前人从语义学和修辞学的角度对《哈利·波特》电影进行了大量研究，但在言语行为理论框架内对人物特征进行探索的研究很少。言语行为理论是由奥斯丁提出并由塞尔进一步发展的语言哲学理论。美国的系列电影由于其迷人的戏剧情节，吸引了全世界的大量观众。《哈利·波特》系列电影正是一部典型的美国电影杰作，它具有神奇的现实主义色彩，在美国电影爱好者中也很受欢迎。这部系列电影中存在很多的言语行为。目前的研究旨在通过从言语行为理论的角度审视斯内普教授的谈话从而来分析他的性格特征，同时也为美国电影在视听角度中的分析提供新的视角。

2、本文以美国魔幻电影《哈利·波特》中的人物斯内普教授为研究对象，主要采用话语分析的研究方法，在言语行为理论的基础上进一步理解斯内普教授的性格特征，包括言内行为，言外之意和言后行为。

3、实践上来说，对斯内普教授性格特征的研究可以为我们提供一个更好地理解这些理论的机会，从而深入了解言语行为理论在实际语言中的使用。理论上来说，从言语行为理论角度对斯内普教授的性格特征研究提供了性格特征研究的新视角。

南京师大语言学

1、D) huXXn’s linguistic environment can be ignored as long as huXXns have language acquisition device.

2、 Read the following two sentences and decide what kind of error the learner commits in the second sentence:

3、In the SeXXntic Triangle advanced by Ogden and Richards, “thought or reference” is ______.

4、 __________ is a sound produced by bringing the tip of the tongue into contact with the upper teeth to create the obstruction.

语用学概念

1、PragXXtics is a subfield of linguistics which stuXXXs the ways in which context contributes to meaning.PragXXtics encompasses speech act theory,conversational implicature,talk in interaction and other approaches to language behavior in philosophy,sociology,and linguistics.[1] It stuXXXs how the transmission of meaning depends not only on the linguistic kXXXledge (e.g.grXXXXr,lexicon etc.) of the speaker and listener,but also on the context of the utterance,kXXXledge about the status of those involved,the inferred intent of the speaker,and so on.[2] In this respect,pragXXtics eXXlains how language users are able to overcome apparent XXbiguity,since meaning relies on the XXnner,place,time etc.of an utterance.[1] The ability to understand another speaker's intended meaning is called pragXXtic competence.An utterance describing pragXXtic function is described as metapragXXtic.PragXXtic awareness is regarded as one of the most challenging aspects of language learning,and comes only through eXXerience.